Tag: Germany

The Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund, usually shortened to ISK, emerged in the mid‑1920s as a small but remarkably disciplined socialist cadre group centred on the Göttingen philosopher Leonard Nelson and his circle. It broke away from the broader workers’ parties of the Weimarer Republik and aimed to educate and train future leaders for a new, ethically grounded socialist society rather than chase mass membership. Politically, the ISK rejected both Marxist orthodoxy and clerical influence, placing a strong emphasis on individual responsibility and moral steadfastness, which gave its members a very distinct profile in the crowded left‑wing milieu of the time. Göttingen played a key role in this, because the university and Nelson’s teaching there served as a magnet for young people willing to combine philosophy, pedagogy and political engagement. From this provincial academic town, ideas were carried into wider networks of the labour movement across Germany.

The Planetenweg in Göttingen is a fascinating blend of science, art, and landscape – a miniature model of our solar system mapped onto the real world. Stretching roughly 2.5 kilometres through the city centre to the outskirts, it’s built to a scale of one to two billion. That means every metre you walk represents about two million kilometres in space. The trail starts near the Göttingen railway station, where the Sun is depicted. From there, you can follow the path through the city up the hill, tracing the order of the planets as you move farther from the railway station.

Lou Andreas-Salomé was born in 1861 in St. Petersburg and died in 1937 in Göttingen, where she had spent the last decades of her life and intellectual work. She moved within the great intellectual currents of late nineteenth- and early twentieth‑century Europe, shifting from theology and philosophy to literature and, finally, to psychoanalysis. Her life feels like a continuous journey between cities and languages, but it comes to rest, symbolically and quite literally, in Göttingen, where her grave still draws visitors who know her name more through others – Nietzsche, Rilke, Freud – than through her own books.