The Temple of أبو سمبل, an extraordinary archaeological marvel of ancient Egypt, was commissioned by Pharaoh Ramesses II in the 13th century BCE during the New Kingdom period. Situated in Nubia near the present-day border of Sudan, it was built to demonstrate Ramesses II’s power, solidify his presence in the region, and honour prominent Egyptian deities such as Amun, Ra-Horakhty, and Ptah, as well as the pharaoh himself. The grandiose complex comprises two rock-cut temples: the Great Temple dedicated to Ramesses II and the smaller temple dedicated to his queen, Nefertari, which is notably one of the few Egyptian temples honouring a queen as an equal to the pharaoh. The temple walls vividly depict Ramesses’ military victories, including the famous Battle of Kadesh, marking the site as as much a monument of power as it was one of religious devotion.
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