The ancient city of مَنْف in Egypt holds a remarkable place in history as one of the earliest urban settlements, founded around 3100 BCE. It was established by Menes (or Narmer), who is credited with uniting Upper and Lower Egypt, making مَنْف the first capital of a unified Egyptian kingdom. The city’s original name, often translated as ‚White Walls‘, possibly referred to its royal palace. مَنْف stood as the political and religious heart of Egypt during the Old Kingdom and remained an important centre through several dynasties. Although its status as capital was eventually superseded by Thebes and later الإسكندرية, Memphis still played a significant role in the economic and religious landscape of ancient Egypt for much of its history. It is also the place in which Alexander the Great was crowned as Pharao of Egypt – stepping into the footsteps of Ramses II.
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